Nero BackItUp

A way to uninstall Nero BackItUp from your computer

This web page contains detailed information on how to remove Nero BackItUp for Windows. It was coded for Windows by Nero AG. Additional info about Nero AG can be read here. More info about the program Nero BackItUp can be found at http://www.nero.com. The program is usually located in the C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero directory. Take into account that this location can vary being determined by the user's decision. The entire uninstall command line for Nero BackItUp is MsiExec.exe /X{C51DF9DC-202E-4FB7-BADB-3E8D26C40AF0}. BackItUp.exe is the Nero BackItUp's primary executable file and it occupies close to 1.12 MB (1170200 bytes) on disk.

Nero BackItUp installs the following the executables on your PC, taking about 118.59 MB (124350696 bytes) on disk.

• CAIAM.exe (4.01 MB)
• NCC.exe (9.56 MB)
• NCChelper.exe (2.24 MB)
• CoverDes.exe (6.33 MB)
• D2D.exe (757.27 KB)
• NeroD2D.exe (620.27 KB)
• NMDllHost.exe (114.27 KB)
• NeroKnowHowPLUS.exe (1.40 MB)
• NeroLauncher.exe (4.26 MB)
• musicrecorder.exe (2.81 MB)
• NeroInstaller.exe (7.12 MB)
• BackItUp.exe (1.12 MB)
• BackItUpUpdate.exe (793.77 KB)
• NBService.exe (280.27 KB)
• nero.exe (31.46 MB)
• NeroAudioRip.exe (2.70 MB)
• NeroCmd.exe (217.77 KB)
• NeroDiscMerge.exe (5.13 MB)
• NeroDiscMergeWrongDisc.exe (3.34 MB)
• NMDllHost.exe (111.37 KB)
• StartNBR.exe (558.27 KB)
• StartNE.exe (558.27 KB)
• NeroSecurDiscViewer.exe (5.80 MB)
• BRWizard.exe (446.27 KB)
• FolderScanner.exe (766.27 KB)
• KwikMedia.exe (164.77 KB)
• KwikMediaUpdater.exe (334.27 KB)
• MediaBrowser.exe (1.60 MB)
• MediaHome.exe (2.91 MB)
• MediaHub.Main.exe (167.77 KB)
• MiniHub.exe (164.77 KB)
• NeroHEVCDecoder.exe (89.87 KB)
• Nfx.Oops.exe (32.27 KB)
• NMDllHost.exe (111.37 KB)
• SerialHelper.exe (183.77 KB)
• UpgradeInfo.exe (209.77 KB)
• UpgradeInfoKM.exe (23.27 KB)
• Duplicate.exe (1.86 MB)
• ieCache.exe (21.27 KB)
• NMDllHost.exe (111.77 KB)
• NMTvWizard.exe (2.61 MB)
• Recode.exe (2.32 MB)
• RecodeCore.exe (3.07 MB)
• NeroRescueAgent.exe (3.34 MB)
• NeroBRServer.exe (52.27 KB)
• NeroBurnServer.exe (553.77 KB)
• NeroExportServer.exe (419.77 KB)
• NeroVision.exe (1.45 MB)
• NMDllHost.exe (111.77 KB)
• NMTvWizard.exe (2.61 MB)
• SlideShw.exe (421.27 KB)
• Transfer.exe (135.27 KB)
• NANotify.exe (213.27 KB)
• NASvc.exe (776.27 KB)

...click to view all...

The current page applies to Nero BackItUp version 21.0.1028 alone. You can find here a few links to other Nero BackItUp releases:

• 12.0.2001
• 26.5.1.1
• 18.1.1134
• 24.5.1.5
• 16.0.2.302
• 12.0.3000
• 5.2.6000
• 5.2.24001
• 5.2.13000
• 22.0.1004
• 19.0.1064
• 15.60.57.6
• 18.1.1136
• 15.0.10000
• 22.0.1012
• 5.2.15001
• 15.3.3.22
• 15.2.7.16
• 12.5.11000
• 24.5.1.8
• 15.0.8000
• 20.0.01300
• 5.2.22001
• 19.1.1028
• 5.2.29000
• 15.0.14000
• 20.0.00900
• 15.60.61.22
• 21.0.1024
• 15.60.58.0
• 12.0.6002
• 15.63.1.92
• 12.5.1000
• 23.5.1.57
• 22.0.1027
• 15.60.59.20
• 22.0.1026
• 15.62.1.116
• 20.0.01400
• 23.5.1.30
• 12.0.1000
• 12.5.7000
• 19.2.1056
• 21.0.1014
• 12.0.3002
• 15.2.6.22
• 22.0.1009
• 12.5.3000
• 5.0.14001.1
• 20.1.1003
• 12.5.5000
• 20.0.01500
• 15.61.2.2
• 18.1.1124
• 25.5.1.11
• 5.0.14001
• 18.0.3040
• 15.61.1.146
• 23.5.1.62
• 12.0.0016
• 15.2.7.14
• 5.2.26001
• 20.2.1004
• 21.0.1020
• 20.0.01200
• 22.0.1008
• 20.0.1044
• 21.0.1027
• 25.5.1.23
• 15.60.56.2
• 5.0.18000
• 23.5.1.55
• 23.5.1.60
• 5.2.9001
• 15.2.9.18
• 5.2.21001

...click to view all...
Some files and registry entries are regularly left behind when you uninstall Nero BackItUp.

You should delete the folders below after you uninstall Nero BackItUp:

• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp
• C:\Users\%user%\AppData\Roaming\Nero\Nero 2019\Nero BackItUp
• C:\Users\%user%\AppData\Roaming\Nero\Nero 2020\Nero BackItUp

The files below were left behind on your disk by Nero BackItUp's application uninstaller when you removed it:

• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\ABServer.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\AdvrCntrProxy.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\AirLinkService.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\AlphaFS.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\AlphaFS.xml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\ASMCrypt.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BackItUp.exe
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BackItUp.Infrastructure.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BackItUp.ini
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BackItUp.Modules.Backup.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BackItUp.Modules.Home.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BackItUp.Modules.Restore.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BackItUp.Modules.Sync.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BackItUp.TaskbarNotification.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BackItUp.Theme.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BIUCore.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BurnAPI.Interop.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BurnAPILib\BurnAPI.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BurnAPILib\BurnAPILib.manifest
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\CPPCrypt.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\cs-CZ\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\cs-CZ\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\da-DK\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\da-DK\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\DBAccess.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\de-DE\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\de-DE\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\DefaultConfig.xml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\DeviceManage.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\DriveRestore.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\el-GR\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\el-GR\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\EntityFramework.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\EntityFramework.SqlServer.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\EntityFramework.SqlServer.xml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\EntityFramework.xml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\en-US\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\en-US\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\ErrorManager.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\es-ES\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\es-ES\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\fi-FI\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\fi-FI\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\FolderScannerEngine.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\FolderScannerEngineAsm.manifest
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\FolderScannerEngineLib.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\fr-FR\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\fr-FR\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\FwUpdateAPI.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\FwUpdateDriverAPI.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\GoogleAnalytics.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\HDDBackup.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\HDDRestore.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\HidLibrary.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\hu-HU\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\hu-HU\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\it-IT\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\it-IT\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\ja-JP\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\ja-JP\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\ko-KR\Nfx.Burn.UI.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\ko-KR\Nfx.UXLibrary.resources.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LBFC.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LibraryBackup.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LitJson.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LiveUpdate.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalFileRestore.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\CommonResource_en-US.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\CommonResource_ja-JP.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\CommonResource_ko-KR.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\CommonResource_zh-CN.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\CommonResource_zh-TW.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_cs-CZ.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_da-DK.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_de-DE.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_el-GR.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_en-US.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_es-ES.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_fi-FI.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_fr-FR.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_hu-HU.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_it-IT.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_ja-JP.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_ko-KR.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_nb-NO.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_nl-NL.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_pl-PL.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_pt-BR.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_pt-PT.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_ru-RU.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_sv-SE.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_th-TH.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_tr-TR.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_zh-CN.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\LocalizedResources\Language_zh-TW.xaml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\Microsoft.Expression.Interactions.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\Microsoft.Practices.Prism.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Interactivity.dll
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Interactivity.xml
• C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\Microsoft.Practices.Prism.MefExtensions.dll

Registry keys:

• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nba\Nero.BackItUp.15.nba.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nba\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nba.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nbi\Nero.BackItUp.15.nbi.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nbi\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nbi.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nc_\Nero.BackItUp.15.nc_.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nc_\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nc_.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nco\Nero.BackItUp.15.nco.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nco\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nco.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nda\Nero.BackItUp.15.nda.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nda\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nda.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nji\Nero.BackItUp.15.nji.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.nji\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nji.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.15.nba.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.15.nbi.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.15.nc_.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.15.nco.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.15.nda.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.15.nji.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nba.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nbi.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nc_.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nco.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nda.1
• HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Nero.BackItUp.2020.nji.1
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Installer\Products\CD9FD15CE2027BF4ABBDE3D8624CA00F
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Nero\Nero 2020\Nero BackItUp

Use regedit.exe to remove the following additional registry values from the Windows Registry:

• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Installer\Products\CD9FD15CE2027BF4ABBDE3D8624CA00F\ProductName
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Installer\neropack\0\C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Installer\neropack\240\C:\Program Files (x86)\Nero\Nero Platinum Suite\Nero BackItUp\BackItUp.exe
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\NeroBackItUpBackgroundService365\ImagePath

How to erase Nero BackItUp from your PC using Advanced Uninstaller PRO

Nero BackItUp is an application released by Nero AG. Frequently, computer users decide to erase it. Sometimes this is hard because performing this manually requires some experience regarding removing Windows applications by hand. The best EASY action to erase Nero BackItUp is to use Advanced Uninstaller PRO. Here are some detailed instructions about how to do this:





1. If you don't have Advanced Uninstaller PRO on your system, install it. This is a good step because Advanced Uninstaller PRO is the best uninstaller and all around tool to clean your computer.

DOWNLOAD NOW

• navigate to Download Link
• download the setup by clicking on the DOWNLOAD button
• install Advanced Uninstaller PRO

2. Start Advanced Uninstaller PRO. Take some time to admire Advanced Uninstaller PRO's interface and wealth of tools available. Advanced Uninstaller PRO is a very good Windows optimizer.

3. Click on the General Tools button


4. Click on the Uninstall Programs tool


5. All the programs installed on the PC will be shown to you

6. Scroll the list of programs until you find Nero BackItUp or simply activate the Search field and type in "Nero BackItUp". If it exists on your system the Nero BackItUp program will be found automatically. After you select Nero BackItUp in the list of programs, the following information about the application is made available to you:

• Safety rating (in the lower left corner). The star rating tells you the opinion other people have about Nero BackItUp, ranging from "Highly recommended" to "Very dangerous".
• Reviews by other people - Click on the Read reviews button.
• Technical information about the program you are about to uninstall, by clicking on the Properties button.

For example you can see that for Nero BackItUp:

• The software company is: http://www.nero.com
• The uninstall string is: MsiExec.exe /X{C51DF9DC-202E-4FB7-BADB-3E8D26C40AF0}

7. Click the Uninstall button. A confirmation page will show up. accept the uninstall by clicking Uninstall. Advanced Uninstaller PRO will remove Nero BackItUp.


8. After uninstalling Nero BackItUp, Advanced Uninstaller PRO will ask you to run an additional cleanup. Click Next to perform the cleanup. All the items that belong Nero BackItUp that have been left behind will be found and you will be able to delete them. By uninstalling Nero BackItUp using Advanced Uninstaller PRO, you can be sure that no Windows registry items, files or directories are left behind on your disk.

Your Windows system will remain clean, speedy and able to take on new tasks.

Disclaimer

The text above is not a recommendation to uninstall Nero BackItUp by Nero AG from your PC, nor are we saying that Nero BackItUp by Nero AG is not a good application for your computer. This text simply contains detailed instructions on how to uninstall Nero BackItUp in case you want to. The information above contains registry and disk entries that Advanced Uninstaller PRO discovered and classified as "leftovers" on other users' computers.